Theoretical Modeling of Lipophilic Nanoparticle Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Physics-Based Analytical Perspective

Author(s): Harsh Verma, Shimran Soni and Dr. MK Maurya

Abstract:

Delivering drugs effectively to the brain remains a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the selective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Lipophilic nanoparticles, with their strong affinity for lipid-rich membranes, have emerged as promising candidates to enhance drug transport across this barrier. In this study, a theoretical model is developed to describe the mechanisms of nanoparticle movement through the BBB using diffusion and active transport concepts. The approach integrates Fick’s law of diffusion with the Stokes–Einstein relation to predict nanoparticle flux as a function of concentration gradients, particle size, and medium viscosity. Analytical derivations and comparative analysis indicate that increased lipophilicity enhances both permeability and residence time within the membrane, but an optimal range is required to achieve balanced drug release. The insights derived from this study may serve as a quantitative foundation for designing nanocarriers capable of overcoming the BBB for neurological applications.

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