Research and Advancements in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Author(s): Sahil Bhim Singh, Mangesh Tote, Adamya Jai Prakash Shukla and Ankit Ravindra Jaiswar

Abstract:

The immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is [1 CDC], [3 NINDS] an rare nervous system disorder causing muscle weakness and numbness that may also cause paralysis. The symptoms present a risk to breathing and heart functions as well as blood pressure regulation because they emerge suddenly and become more severe across days by days. The exact cause of GBS remains unidentified but the condition may develop following infections and surgeries and in rare instances following vaccinations. Common triggering infections are usual in Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. There are several forms of GBS, including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is most prevalent, and axonal forms such as AMAN and Miller Fisher syndrome, which has ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. Diagnosis is usually on clinical presentation, backed by investigations like nerve conduction studies and cerebrospinal fluid examination, which in most cases presents with raised protein with normal white cell count. Hospital care combined with supportive treatment and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) is the standard method of treatment for GBS to reduce symptoms and aid in recovery. Intensive care may be necessary in respiratory failure. Most individuals recover from GBS, but a few have persistent weakness and exhaustion as there is still no cure known for the illness [13 Ferri FF], [15 Loscalzo J, et al.]. Rehabilitation therapy and early diagnosis are fundamental to enhancing outcomes and avoiding complications.

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