Carbon Emissions in Agriculture: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions

Author(s): Mallikarjun Dasharath Koli, Dr. Kulbhushan Savindra Patil and Kishor Dattatray Chandure

Abstract:

Agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. Key gases emitted from agricultural activities include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O). These emissions result from multiple farming operations such as soil tillage, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, burning of crop residues, livestock management, and energy use in irrigation and machinery. Soil tillage exposes organic carbon to the atmosphere, releasing CO₂. The application of nitrogen-rich chemical fertilizers leads to N₂O emissions, a gas with high global warming potential. Livestock, particularly ruminants like cows, emit methane during digestion, and improper manure handling further contributes to CH₄ and N₂O emissions. Additionally, residue burning and diesel-powered farm equipment release large amounts of CO₂ and other pollutants. These emissions not only accelerate global warming but also negatively affect agricultural productivity. Changing weather patterns, increased frequency of droughts and floods, and reduced soil and water quality are direct consequences of agricultural emissions. To address these issues, sustainable farming practices must be adopted. These include reduced or zero tillage, organic manure use, composting of crop residues, adoption of renewable energy, efficient irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems, and improved livestock feed and manure management. By reducing its carbon footprint, agriculture can transition into a more sustainable and climate resilient system. Encouraging eco-friendly practices through policy, education, and innovation is essential for protecting both the environment and agricultural livelihoods.

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Pages: 107-109     |    3 View     |    0 Download