The Strengths and Limitations of Organic Farming: A Path to Future Food Security

Author(s): Mallikarjun Dasharath Koli

Abstract:

Agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the basic needs of food and shelter in India, with over 70% of the population relying on it. However, the shift towards high-yielding varieties and intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in deteriorating soil health and declining food grain quality. As India’s population is expected to reach 1.35 billion by 2025, an additional 33 million tons of fertilizers will be needed to meet the demand for food grains. Despite this, the effectiveness of chemical fertilizers has been diminishing over time, and the land is becoming increasingly barren due to improper management. Factors such as excessive use of chemicals, unbalanced fertilizer application, and overuse of water have contributed to the depletion of soil fertility and the loss of beneficial microorganisms. To counter these challenges, organic farming practices, such as mixed cropping and the use of natural fertilizers, offer sustainable alternatives. Organic farming not only protects the environment but also improves soil fertility, reduces soil erosion, and produces high-quality crops. However, its limitations include lower productivity, insufficient supply of organic fertilizers, and delayed nutrient availability. Given the limitations of both organic and chemical farming, an integrated approach that combines chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers is necessary. This approach will help achieve sustainable food production without compromising soil health and meet future food grain requirements. Maintaining a balance between these farming techniques is key to ensuring the long-term productivity and sustainability of agriculture in India.

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