Learning Behind Bars: An Analysis of Distance Education Programs in Indian Prisons

Author(s): Dr. Arushi Hinwali Shukla and Mr. Shubhankar Shukla

Abstract:

Prison education is increasingly recognized as a critical instrument for rehabilitation, reintegration, and social justice. Anchored in the principles of the Nelson Mandela Rules, which emphasized the importance of education within correctional facilities as early as 1955, this paper examines the evolution, scope, and impact of prison education in India. The study traces the journey from the establishment of the first IGNOU study center in Tihar Jail in 1994 to the present landscape, highlighting the role of the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) model and the contributions of 14 state open universities in expanding educational access for inmates. Using data from the 2022 Prison Statistics of India and a review of institutional initiatives, the paper analyses the availability and utilisation of libraries, learning resources, and vocational programs across states. Further, it critically assesses policy frameworks, legal provisions, and institutional mechanisms supporting prison education, with a focus on human-centered and participatory approaches exemplified by initiatives such as the Swaraj Jail University. Finally, the paper evaluates the impact of education on rehabilitation and reintegration, including improvements in self-esteem, employability, and reduction in recidivism, thereby underlining education’s transformative potential within the Indian correctional system. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening access, resource allocation, and community–university partnerships to enhance the efficacy and societal impact of prison education in India.

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Pages: 30-38     |    3 View     |    0 Download