India-Russia Relations in the 21st Century: An Analysis of Military Cooperation

Author(s): Dr. Anurag Tiwari

Abstract:

India and Russia have maintained one of the most enduring and multifaceted strategic partnerships in the post-Cold War international system, with military cooperation serving as its central pillar. This research paper explores the evolution, scope, and future trajectory of India–Russia military cooperation in the 21st century. It situates the bilateral defence relationship within the broader and the transition to a more balanced partnership characterized by co-development, licensed production and long-term strategic planning. The study examines key military programs such as the Su-30MKI fighter aircraft, T-90S Bhishma main battle tanks, BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, S-400 air defence system, and submarine collaboration, all of which underscore the depth of technological and strategic engagement between the two states. However, the paper also identifies emerging challenges that complicate this traditional partnership. These include India’s growing diversification of defence suppliers, increasing military cooperation with Western countries, concerns over delayed deliveries and technology transfers, and Russia’s closer strategic alignment with China, especially in the aftermath of the Ukraine conflict. The study concludes that while India’s quest for strategic autonomy may alter the character of future engagements, the structural depth and historical trust underpinning the India–Russia military partnership continue to hold relevance.

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Pages: 55-58     |    3 View     |    1 Download