A Comparative Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Damage on Oral Mucous Cells of Patients Having Dental Restorations Using Buccal Cytome Assay-An In Vivo Study

Author(s): Dr. Maria Thomas, Dr. Liza George, Dr. Josey Mathew, Dr. Deepu George Mathew and Dr. Priya Thomas

Abstract:

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease in both children and adults. Treatment of caries involves restorations which are mostly using amalgam or resin composite materials. Restorative compounds may get released into oral cavity which have various biological effects that needs to be evaluated. Aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the genotoxic and cytotoxic damage on oral mucous cells of patients having different dental restorations and those without any restorations. 30 patients with prior restorations done forms the study group and 30 patients with no restorations done till date forms the control in the study. Exfoliated buccal smears will be obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa with a flat wooden spatula. Smears will then be fixed and stained with Modified Feulgen and Rossenbeck staining technique. For each patient, 500 intact exfoliated cells were examined under digital microscope for the presence of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies. Krusal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The results obtained showed that the micronuclei frequency in oral mucosa cells had no significant difference in patients with restorations and in restoration-free patients while cytotoxicity biomarkers were present in significantly higher frequencies in patients with restorations than in restoration-free patients. The study concluded that there is no evidence of genotoxic damage induced by restorative materials but cytotoxicity induced by the materials is significant and their long-term effects needs to be evaluated.

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